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2016-09-24-lecture02.md
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@@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ Last time we learned some of the basic cellular anatomy of the nervous system. T
First of all it is a system of systems. In other words…
TODO: exchange pngs for jpgs in this document
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## Major components of the nervous system and their functional relationships
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substantia nigra pars compacta, a nucleus containing neurons making the neurotransmitter dopamine that are important for regulating motor movements via their connections with the basal ganglia and which are devastated in parkinson’s disease.
Now you’ve all heard the phrase ‘running around like a chicken with its head cut off’ —>
*dark appearance due to high levels of dark pigment neuromelanin in dopaminergic neurons*
*Neuromelanin is directly biosynthesized from L-DOPA, precursor to dopamine, by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)*
Now you’ve all heard the phrase ‘running around like a chicken with its head cut off’ —>
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## The brainstem is all you need to live
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<div style="margin-bottom:50px"><figcaption class="big">Fiber stain</figcaption><img src="figs/2240_fiber_d16bc49.jpg" height="200px"><figcaption>[Brain Biodiversity Bank MSU, NSF](https://msu.edu/~brains/brains/human/coronal/montage.html)</figcaption></div>
<div><figcaption class="big">Dorsal view</figcaption><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-A11-1R_a8973d9.png" height="200px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. A11</figcaption></div>
<div><figcaption class="big">Dorsal view</figcaption><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-A11-1R_a8973d9_copy_9c648a7.jpg" height="200px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. A11</figcaption></div>
<div><figcaption class="big">Dorsal view cut away</figcaption><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-A11-3R_17d31f5.png" height="200px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. A11</figcaption></div> <!-- .element: class="fragment fade-in"-->
<div><figcaption class="big">MRI-DTI dorsal projection</figcaption><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Ch01-Opener_497d461.png" height="200px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e</figcaption></div> <!-- .element: class="fragment fade-in"-->
<div><figcaption class="big">Dorsal view cut away</figcaption><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-A11-3R_17d31f5_copy_406b96a.jpg" height="200px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. A11</figcaption></div> <!-- .element: class="fragment fade-in"-->
<div><figcaption class="big">MRI-DTI dorsal projection</figcaption><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Ch01-Opener_497d461_copy_b20f743.jpg" height="200px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e</figcaption></div> <!-- .element: class="fragment fade-in"-->
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@@ -681,7 +682,7 @@ anterior commisure
</div>
<div style="padding:0 50px;"><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-26.01-0_9acbc74.png" height="200px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 26.1</figcaption></div>
<div style="padding:0 50px;"><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-26.01-0_copy_c5817b1.jpg" height="200px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 26.1</figcaption></div>
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@@ -689,7 +690,7 @@ Note:
## Brain organization summary
<div><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-A12-1R_094c533.png" height="315px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. A12</figcaption></div>
<div><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-A12-1R_copy_020ed62.jpg" height="315px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. A12</figcaption></div>
<div><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/snO68aJTOpM" width="420" height="315"></iframe><figcaption>Pinky and the Brain</figcaption></div>
@@ -720,7 +721,7 @@ Note:
<div><figcaption>Cells</figcaption><img src="figs/image17_f4be687.png" height="300px"><figcaption></figcaption></div>
<div><figcaption>Cells & fibers</figcaption><img src="figs/The_Cerebral_Neocortex_Jones-fig3-Meynert-1884_0f72f1d.png" height="300px"><figcaption>Meynert 1884</figcaption></div>
<div><figcaption>Cells & fibers</figcaption><img src="figs/The_Cerebral_Neocortex_Jones-fig3-Meynert-1884_copy_fed3654.jpg" height="300px"><figcaption>Meynert 1884</figcaption></div>
<div><figcaption>Golgi stain</figcaption><img src="figs/The_Cerebral_Neocortex_Eccles-fig4-Jones-1981_f8dc197.png" height="300px"><figcaption>Jones 1981</figcaption></div>
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</div>
<div style="padding:0 50px;"><img src="figs/Walsh-curr-opin-gen-dev-2002-fig2_798163d.png" height="500px"><figcaption>Olson and Walsh, 2002 Fig. 2</figcaption></div>
<div style="padding:0 50px;"><img src="figs/Walsh-curr-opin-gen-dev-2002-fig2_798163d_copy_878c80b.jpg" height="500px"><figcaption>Olson and Walsh, 2002 Fig. 2</figcaption></div>
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@@ -825,7 +826,7 @@ He used cell body staining like the Nissl stain to examine differences in genera
## Brodmann areas
<div><img src="figs/5892_Fig4_3c30913.png" height="300px"><figcaption>Brodmann 1909</figcaption></div>
<div><img src="figs/5892_Fig4_3c30913_copy_40d8d23.jpg" height="300px"><figcaption>Brodmann 1909</figcaption></div>
<div><img src="figs/brodmann-color-crop_81018e1.png" height="300px"><figcaption>Brodmann 1909 color</figcaption></div>
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## Major brain areas involved in the comprehension and production of language
<div><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-27.01-0_eaf66c7.png" height="400px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 27.1</figcaption></div>
<div><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-27.01-0_eaf66c7_copy_1841ced.jpg" height="400px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 27.1</figcaption></div>
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## Characteristics of Broca's and Wernicke's aphasias
<div><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Tab-27.01-0_859de7f.png" height="300px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Table 27.1</figcaption></div>
<div><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Tab-27.01-0_859de7f_copy_4abca30.jpg" height="300px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Table 27.1</figcaption></div>
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@@ -1006,8 +1009,7 @@ And since each side of the brain to some degree can work independently of the ot
## Confirmation of hemispheric specialization for language
<div><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-27_split-brain_ecd6046.png" height="500px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 27.3</figcaption></div>
<div><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-27_split-brain_copy_8719b7e.jpg" height="500px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 27.3</figcaption></div>
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@@ -1047,7 +1049,8 @@ Babbling sounds from a baby shows that there is a pattern of sounds produced seq
## Mapping brain activity with fMRI
<figure><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-27.06-0_2687612.png" height="400px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 27.6</figcaption></figure>
<figure><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-27.06-0_2687612_copy_718a9bc.jpg" height="400px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 27.6</figcaption></figure>
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