spring2018 week1

extra.md

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+--
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+## Early 1800’s Franz Joseph Gall
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+* all behavior emanates from the brain
+* particular regions of the cerebral cortex controlled specific functions, i.e. the brain does not act as a single organ.
+* each function grew with use such as a muscle with exercise
+* this growing causes the skull to budge creating a pattern of bumps “phrenology”
+
+--
+
+## Franz Joseph Gall– phrenology
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+<div style="font-size:0.7em">
+<div></div>
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+
+>Standing at his lectern, the priest stared steadily upon one man in the congregation: Franz Joseph Gall. With his angry voice echoing off the church's hallowed walls, he pronounced,"There are those amongst us, who have lost their way from our Lord's divine path. With pomposity, they state the mind is situated in an organ as mushy and insubstantial as the brain. What ludicrousness is this, when all intelligent men know that God has imbued our thinking into our very soul, whereupon no one can put his finger precisely on the spot!"
+
+</div>
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+[galls-phrenology.html](http://thevictoriantimes.blogspot.com/2011/10/galls-phrenology.html)
+
+<div><img src="figs/image21_cc3a4ac.png" height="50px"><figcaption></figcaption></div>
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+--
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+## Phrenology
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+<div><img src="figs/image22_f181430.png" height="300px"><figcaption></figcaption></div>
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+## Pierre Flourens (French)
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+* Tested Gall’s ideas by removing different parts of the brain (dogs and rabbits) and asked if specific functions were compromised. 
+* Showed medulla important for respiration, cerebellum important for movements. 
+* Lesions in cortex affected either zero or many behaviors. Concluded that the cortex was one organ and not regionalized.