From 68b07519b2722e7aefab7df4d50b1e34ba0b3b22 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ackman678 Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2014 11:20:47 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] Abstr work. --- wholeBrain_main.md | 11 ++++------- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/wholeBrain_main.md b/wholeBrain_main.md index 14d929c..314ed2b 100644 --- a/wholeBrain_main.md +++ b/wholeBrain_main.md @@ -2,21 +2,18 @@ Author: James B. Ackman Date: 2013-09-04 10:54:02 Tags: paper, draft, manuscript, literature, research, #results, retinal waves, spontaneous activity, development, calcium domains -# Structured population activity across developing isocortex -Structured neural activity across developing cerebral hemispheres -Mesoscale mapping of neural activity across developing cerebral hemispheres +# Structured population activity across developing neocortex +Coordination of cortical activity across the developing cerebral hemispheres # Abstract -The cerebral cortex exhibits spontaneous and sensory evoked patterns of activity during fetal and postnatal development that are crucial for the activity-dependent formation and refinement of circuits [#Katz:1996]. Knowing the source and flow of these activity patterns locally and globally is crucial to understanding self-organization in the developing brain. Here we show that neural population activity within newborn mice in vivo is characterized by spatially discrete domains that are coordinated in a state dependent and areal dependent fashion throughout developing isocortex. Whole brain optical recordings from neonatal mice expressing a genetic calcium reporter showed that ongoing activity in the cerebral cortex was characterized by distinct and repetitively active domains measuring hundreds of microns in diameter. Cortical domain activity depended on brain state with periods of localized and global domain synchrony exhibiting positive and negative correlations to motor behavior respectively. Furthermore, domain activity exhibited mirror-symmetric patterns between the hemispheres, with strong correlations between cortical areas that correspond to the default-mode network in primates. This study provides the first comprehensive description of population activity in the developing isocortex at a scope and scale that bridges the microscopic or macroscopic spatiotemporal resolutions provided by traditional neurophysiological or neuroimaging techniques. Mesoscale maps of cortical population dynamics within animal models will be vital to engineering future repair strategies and brain-machine interfaces for neurodevelopmental disorders. +The cerebral cortex exhibits spontaneous and sensory evoked patterns of activity during fetal and postnatal development that are crucial for the activity-dependent formation and refinement of circuits [#Katz:1996]. Knowing the source and flow of these activity patterns locally and globally is crucial to understanding self-organization in the developing brain. Here we show that neural population activity within newborn mice in vivo is characterized by spatially discrete domains that are coordinated in a state dependent and areal dependent fashion throughout developing isocortex. Whole brain optical recordings from neonatal mice expressing a genetic calcium reporter showed that ongoing activity in the cerebral cortex was characterized by distinct and repetitively active domains measuring hundreds of microns in diameter. Domain activity exhibited mirror-symmetric patterns between the hemispheres, with strong correlations between specific portions of frontal and parietal cortex. Ongoing activity across the cortical hemispheres showed characteristic network architectures with a frontal-motor regions functionally connected to a parietal-sensory areas through secondary motor cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. Furthermore, ongoing cortical activity was regulated by physiological state with frontal cortex activity shifting from negative to positive correlations with motor behavior during the course of development. This study provides the first comprehensive description of population activity in the developing isocortex at a scope and scale that bridges the microscopic or macroscopic spatiotemporal resolutions provided by traditional neurophysiological or neuroimaging techniques. Mesoscale maps of cortical population dynamics within animal models will be vital to engineering future repair strategies and brain-machine interfaces for neurodevelopmental disorders. # Introduction - - Brain development requires neural activity and calcium dynamics for establishing proper circuit structure and function. The importance of neural activity in the prenatal and neonatal period can be easily recognized in children exposed to chemical agents affecting neurotransmission during the fetal period that result in severe brain malformations, epilepsy, and mental retardation. Indeed, embryonic limb movements in species ranging from chick to human are thought to be initiated by spontaneous motor neuron activity in the spinal cord and thought to be crucial for activity-dependent development of motor synapses [Schoenberg:2003] [Marder,Lichtmann]. However it is only recently that we have begun to appreciate the underlying patterns of persistent neural activity that in fact exist in the developing brain in vivo. For example, sensori-motor feedback associated with spontaneous movement generated by spinal motor neurons triggers synchronized 'spindle-burst' potentials among cells in somatosensory cortex [Yang:2009][Khazipov:2004a] before the start of locomotion and tactile behavior. Correlated bursts of activity occur in the developing rat hippocampus in vivo [#Leinekugel:2002] [Mohns&Blumberg]. Spontaneous retinal waves drive patterned activation of circuits throughout immature visual system before the onset of vision [#Ackman:2012] [Hanganu,Colonnese?]. Furthermore, prenatal EEG recordings have demonstrated spindle burst oscillations and slow activity transients in the human infant somatosensory and occipital cortices before birth [#Vanhatalo:2005][#Tolonen:2007]. Nonetheless, a comprehensive account of the structural dynamics of persistent activity throughout the developing isocortex in vivo has not been undertaken. @@ -151,7 +148,7 @@ Low pass filtered Moving averages of cortical and motor activity at 10 s and >70 * 120518_07_connComponents_BkgndSubtr-60px_noWatershed-20130327-151022_d2r_20130930-124950_eps.png * hists: 120518_07_connComponents_BkgndSubtr60px-20130327-163111domains20130402-151440-crop.png -* TODO: add a domain centroid size/duration map similar to: ![](../figures/Screen_Shot_2013-04-03_at_8.42.49_AM.png) +* [x] add a domain centroid size/duration map similar to: ![](../figures/Screen_Shot_2013-04-03_at_8.42.49_AM.png) * ![](../figures/Screen_Shot_2013-04-03_at_10.04.36_AM.png) --->